Mussolini had already been removed from energy, and the Italian government had surrendered to the Allies. The Allies complete their conquest of the island of Tarawa. December 25: Having reached a stalemate on the Italian entrance, the Allies agree to a plan to send an amphibious power onto the beaches south of Rome. The Gustav Line extends throughout the Italian peninsula: To block the Allied advance, Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, the German commander in Italy, constructed defenses south of Rome. The southern Italian port of Bari is devastated by a German air raid. December 8: Some Italian forces enter fight for the Allies, because the sequence of battles alongside Nazi Germany's Winter Line in Italy intensifies.
Despite the obvious muddle, Navy and Marine Corps logistics personnel remodeled combat loading into an actual science. Val" dive-bombers and "Kate" torpedo-bombers. Four hundred Army, Navy, and Marine Corps aircraft, parked wing tip to wing tip on the three close by airfields, have been additionally straightforward prey for Japanese planes. Japanese commander Fuchida Mitsuo radioed again to the task power the code words for attack: "To! The opening bars of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony (replicating the code) grew to become the European Service's name signal.